Archived
beatzaplentyandClaude Sonnet 4.6
761fe9e194
- IPA now runs at 192.168.2.253 (previously shown as .138 in install docs) - cloud-init nameserver and nmcli DNS during install use .254 (gateway) since IPA isn't running yet at that point - --forwarder updated to 192.168.2.254 (LAN gateway, Pi-hole is gone) - Remove Step 7 (Pi-hole DNS forwarding config) from install.md - Delete obsolete freeipa/docs/pihole-dns.md and configure-pihole-dns.sh - Update CLAUDE.md section count and freeipa/ guidance entry - Update freeipa/README.md IP and DNS forwarding description Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
243 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
243 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
# FreeIPA Install Procedure
|
||
|
||
Full reproduction guide for `domain-controller.sweet.home`. Tested on
|
||
Rocky Linux 9.8 (GenericCloud), VMID 108, `pve1.sweet.home`.
|
||
|
||
## Prerequisites
|
||
|
||
- Proxmox node with `local-zfs` storage and internet access from guests
|
||
- Rocky Linux 9 GenericCloud image downloaded (see step 1)
|
||
- SSH access to Proxmox node as a user with `sudo` for `qm`/`pvesm`
|
||
- The operator's SSH public key available to inject via cloud-init
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## Step 1 — Download Rocky Linux 9 GenericCloud image
|
||
|
||
On the Proxmox node, download to your ISO/image store:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
wget -O /mnt/pve/server-iso/Rocky-9-GenericCloud.latest.x86_64.qcow2 \
|
||
https://download.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/9/images/x86_64/Rocky-9-GenericCloud.latest.x86_64.qcow2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The image is ~617 MB. The Proxmox storage must be configured to accept
|
||
both ISO images and disk images (set "Content" to include "Disk image"
|
||
in the Proxmox UI for that storage).
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## Step 2 — Prepare the VM in Proxmox
|
||
|
||
Use an existing VM or create a new one. The config used for VMID 108:
|
||
|
||
- **CPU**: 2 cores, x86-64-v2-AES
|
||
- **RAM**: 2048 MB
|
||
- **Disk**: 32 GB on `local-zfs`
|
||
- **BIOS**: SeaBIOS (GenericCloud uses MBR — not UEFI)
|
||
- **Network**: virtio on `vmbr0`, firewall enabled
|
||
- **QEMU guest agent**: enabled
|
||
|
||
If rebuilding an existing VM (e.g. replacing a prior OS):
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# On pve1 — stop the VM
|
||
sudo qm stop <VMID>
|
||
|
||
# Remove existing disks from config
|
||
sudo qm set <VMID> --delete scsi0,efidisk0
|
||
|
||
# Switch to SeaBIOS if the VM was UEFI
|
||
sudo qm set <VMID> --bios seabios
|
||
|
||
# Free old disk volumes from storage
|
||
sudo pvesm free local-zfs:vm-<VMID>-disk-0
|
||
sudo pvesm free local-zfs:vm-<VMID>-disk-1
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Import the Rocky image and configure cloud-init
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# Import image as a new disk
|
||
sudo qm importdisk <VMID> /mnt/pve/server-iso/Rocky-9-GenericCloud.latest.x86_64.qcow2 local-zfs
|
||
|
||
# Check what disk name was assigned
|
||
sudo qm config <VMID> # look for unused0: local-zfs:vm-<VMID>-disk-N
|
||
|
||
# Attach as scsi0 (adjust disk name from above)
|
||
sudo qm set <VMID> --scsi0 local-zfs:vm-<VMID>-disk-0,iothread=1
|
||
|
||
# Resize to 32 GB
|
||
sudo qm disk resize <VMID> scsi0 32G
|
||
|
||
# Add cloud-init drive
|
||
sudo qm set <VMID> --ide2 local-zfs:cloudinit
|
||
|
||
# Write SSH public key to a temp file
|
||
echo 'ssh-rsa AAAA... wayne@stream' > /tmp/admin-key.pub
|
||
# (use the key from variables.nix adminSshKey)
|
||
|
||
# Configure cloud-init
|
||
# Use the LAN gateway as temporary DNS — IPA itself will be the DNS at
|
||
# 192.168.2.253, but it's not running yet at this point in the install.
|
||
sudo qm set <VMID> \
|
||
--ciuser wayne \
|
||
--sshkeys /tmp/admin-key.pub \
|
||
--ipconfig0 ip=dhcp \
|
||
--nameserver 192.168.2.254 \
|
||
--searchdomain sweet.home
|
||
|
||
# Set boot order
|
||
sudo qm set <VMID> --boot order=scsi0
|
||
|
||
# Start VM
|
||
sudo qm start <VMID>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Note on SSH key mismatch
|
||
|
||
The GenericCloud image injects the cloud-init SSH key on first boot.
|
||
If you need to add an additional key (e.g. from a different machine)
|
||
after first boot, mount the disk via nbd while the VM is stopped:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo qm stop <VMID>
|
||
sudo qemu-nbd --connect=/dev/nbd1 --format=raw /dev/zvol/rpool/data/vm-<VMID>-disk-0
|
||
# wait 2s, then:
|
||
sudo mount /dev/nbd1p4 /mnt/vm # p4 is the root partition on Rocky 9 GenericCloud
|
||
sudo tee -a /mnt/vm/home/wayne/.ssh/authorized_keys <<< 'ssh-ed25519 AAAA... extra-key'
|
||
sudo umount /mnt/vm
|
||
sudo qemu-nbd --disconnect /dev/nbd1
|
||
sudo qm start <VMID>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Rocky 9 GenericCloud partition layout: `p1`=BIOS boot (2M),
|
||
`p2`=EFI (100M), `p3`=/boot (1G), `p4`=/ (rest).
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## Step 3 — First-boot system preparation
|
||
|
||
SSH in as `wayne` once cloud-init has completed (usually 60–90 s):
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
ssh wayne@<VM-IP>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Add swap (required — FreeIPA needs headroom beyond 1.7 GB RAM)
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=2048 status=progress
|
||
sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
|
||
sudo mkswap /swapfile
|
||
sudo swapon /swapfile
|
||
echo '/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Set static IP via NetworkManager
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
CON=$(nmcli -t -f NAME con show --active | head -1)
|
||
sudo nmcli con mod "$CON" \
|
||
ipv4.method manual \
|
||
ipv4.addresses 192.168.2.253/24 \
|
||
ipv4.gateway 192.168.2.254 \
|
||
ipv4.dns 192.168.2.254 \
|
||
ipv4.dns-search sweet.home
|
||
# Note: using the gateway as DNS here — after IPA installs it becomes the
|
||
# authoritative resolver at 192.168.2.253. Clients should then point to
|
||
# 192.168.2.253 for sweet.home resolution.
|
||
sudo nmcli con up "$CON"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Fix /etc/hosts (cloud-init maps FQDN to 127.0.0.1 — IPA requires real IP)
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo sed -i '/domain-controller/d' /etc/hosts
|
||
echo '192.168.2.253 domain-controller.sweet.home domain-controller' \
|
||
| sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
|
||
|
||
# Prevent cloud-init from resetting this on reboot
|
||
sudo sed -i 's/manage_etc_hosts: true/manage_etc_hosts: false/' \
|
||
/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## Step 4 — Install FreeIPA packages
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo dnf install -y ipa-server ipa-server-dns
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This pulls ~200 packages including 389-ds, Dogtag PKI, BIND, and MIT
|
||
Kerberos. Takes 5–10 minutes depending on mirror speed.
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## Step 5 — Run the unattended install
|
||
|
||
Generate strong passwords (min 8 chars; store them in your password manager):
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
DM_PASS=$(openssl rand -base64 24 | tr -dc 'A-Za-z0-9' | head -c 24)
|
||
ADMIN_PASS=$(openssl rand -base64 24 | tr -dc 'A-Za-z0-9' | head -c 24)
|
||
echo "Directory Manager: $DM_PASS"
|
||
echo "IPA Admin: $ADMIN_PASS"
|
||
# Save both in your password manager NOW before proceeding
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Run the installer (takes 15–20 minutes):
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo ipa-server-install \
|
||
--realm=SWEET.HOME \
|
||
--domain=sweet.home \
|
||
--hostname=domain-controller.sweet.home \
|
||
--ds-password="$DM_PASS" \
|
||
--admin-password="$ADMIN_PASS" \
|
||
--setup-dns \
|
||
--forwarder=192.168.2.254 \
|
||
--no-dnssec-validation \
|
||
--no-ntp \
|
||
--unattended
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Key flags:
|
||
- `--setup-dns` — install BIND as IPA's authoritative DNS for `sweet.home`
|
||
- `--forwarder=192.168.2.254` — forward non-sweet.home queries to the LAN gateway
|
||
- `--no-dnssec-validation` — skip DNSSEC (home lab has no DNSSEC chain)
|
||
- `--no-ntp` — Proxmox handles time sync for guests; don't install chrony
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## Step 6 — Verify
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# All services should show RUNNING
|
||
ipactl status
|
||
|
||
# Get a Kerberos ticket and confirm
|
||
echo "$ADMIN_PASS" | kinit admin
|
||
klist
|
||
|
||
# Check DNS SRV records are in place
|
||
dig +short _kerberos._udp.sweet.home SRV @127.0.0.1
|
||
# Expected: 0 100 88 domain-controller.sweet.home.
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## Step 7 — Back up the CA certificate
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# On domain-controller (encrypted with Directory Manager password)
|
||
ls -lh /root/cacert.p12
|
||
|
||
# Copy to a safe location
|
||
scp root@domain-controller:/root/cacert.p12 ~/backups/ipa-cacert.p12
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This file is required if you ever set up a replica or need to
|
||
re-issue service certificates.
|